Vocabulary matches

essence

  • egon = to stay/be/exist – Basque
  • egoki = appropriate – Basque
  • egokitu = to be fit (for something), to adapt – Basque
  • egin = to do – Basque
  • dika = good – Chechen
  • igu = good – Tsez
  • ik’i = go – Tsez
  • likab, lik = good – Avar
  • иҟоуп, iq’oup = there is, to be (somewhere) – Abkhaz
  • аҟазаара, aq’azaara = to be (somewhere) – Abkhaz
  • What to do/What’s new?: Иҟеи? (Iqei?) – Abkhaz
  • аҟаҵара, aq’ac’ara = to do – Abkhaz
  • aka = “to act,” “to do,” or “to make” – Sumerian
  • ì-ĝál, ĝál = there is; to exist, be (somewhere), to cause to be, to dwell. – Sumerian
  • igi…gar = (sign: 𒅆 гар): This phrase translates to “to make suitable,” “to arrange,” or “to set in order,” often referring to preparing or fitting something into place. The Sumerian term often transliterated as igi-kar2 (or igi…kar2) generally refers to looking at, examining, or inspecting, but in administrative contexts, it is interpreted as “provisions,” “supplies,” or specifically “to make suitable” by inspecting and preparing goods for delivery.
  • ac– / acas– = to make, produce, or offer. – Etruscan
  • acasa– = used in contexts meaning “to present,” “to proclaim,” or “to manifest”. – Etruscan
  • acil– = to do, make, or complete. – Etruscan
  • “To be” in Hungarian is lenni (infinitive). In the present tense, it is irregularly conjugated, with key forms being vagyok (I am), vagy (you are), van (he/she/it is), vagyunk (we are), vagytok (you all are), and vannak (they are). • Georgian:
    ვარ (var – I am), ხარ (xar – you are), არის/ა (aris/a – he/she/it is), ვართ (vart – we are), ხართ(xart – you are/polite you), and არიან (arian – they are). • Finnish:     ovat (they are). • Chechen: I am… – Со … ву/ю (So … vu/yu) He/She is… – Иза … ву/ю (Iza … vu/yu) | Note the initial letter V
  • gaketeba = to do/make – Georgian
  • Shen aketeb. Is aketebs. – You are doing/making. He/she is doing/making. – Georgian
  • ige = verb – Hungarian
  • igen = yes – Hungarian
  • aga = yeah – Eastern Khanty
  • eks = yep – Estonian
  • olgu = okay, alright – Estonian
  • q’opna, khopna = to be – Georgian
    • гъэпсын, ğɛpsən = to plan, aim, arrange/organise – Adyghe
  • oikea = right, correct, proper – Finnish
  • oikaista = to straighten, correct, rectify, or take a shortcut – Finnish
  • õige = true, right/correct, proper, accurate – Estonian
    • Proto-Finnic = *oikëda
    • Proto-Finno-Permic = *wojketa
    • kyllä = yes – Finnish
    • joo = yep, yes – Finnish
    • olla = to be – Finnish
  • egész = whole, entire, complete, integer – Hungarian • Possibly borrowed from Alanic *ægaš (“undiminished, whole”). Compare Ossetian ӕга́с (ægás, “whole”).
  • egészség = health – Hungarian
  • xar = you are – Georgian | zu zara = you are – Basque
  • khila = to be – Chechen

I, we

My reconstructions for Proto-Alarodian/MegaQuirky: “I” = me, “we” = zh-/ch–

  • Vasconic • Basque: ni | gu
  • Tyrsenian • Etruscan: mi | ?mir?
  • Uralic • Hungarian: én | mi
    • Finnish: minä | me
  • Sumerian: ngá-e nge-e -other forms including –mu– and –me-| menden
    • “I am” or “It is I” i-men
    • ĝá-e me-en 𒂷𒂊 𒈨𒂗 “I am”
    • lugal-me-en “I am king”
  • NE Caucasian • Chechen: so | vay (we inclusive), tkho (we exclusive)
    • Tsez: di | eli
    • Lezgian: zun | chun
    • Dargwa: nu | nusha
    • Lak: na (ttul = my) | žu
    • Avar: dun | eki (we inclusive), niž (we inclusive)
  • Kartvelian Georgian: me | chven
  • NW Caucasian • Abkhaz: sara , s-| ḥara , ḥ-
    • Adyghe: se | te
  • Hurro-Urartian • Hurrian: ište | ša=tti(=lla)
Hurrian seems like a cool language 🙂

we

  • Basque: gu
  • Georgian: chven
  • Adyghe: te
  • Abkhaz: hara
  • Chechen: tkho (excluding the listener) (inclusive: vay)
  • Lezgian: chun 
  • Lak: žu
  • Hurrian: ša=tti(=lla)
  • Reconstruction: *ZH- ? *CH- ?

–

  • Sumerian: menden
  • Uralic: mi
  • Etruscan: ?mir?

organs

  • Georgian: piltvi “lung”
  • Basque: birika “lung”

  • Georgian: ghvidzli “liver”
  • Basque: gibel “liver“
  • Tsez: žubi “liver”

  • Sumerian: ur “liver”
  • Basque: urdaila “stomach”

happy

  • alai joyful, happy, cheerful – Basque
  • ilo joy, happiness – Finnish
  • onni happiness, luck, good fortune – Finnish
  • örül to be happy or glad, to rejoice – Hungarian
  • hul joy, to be joyful, happy – Sumerian
  • la bliss, happiness, youthful freshness – Sumerian
  • lala joy, abundance/plenty – Sumerian
  • ape pleasant – Adyghe
  • iya- often used in ritual and medical contexts to describe the physical act of healing or making a fortune – Hurrian
  • kēl- to please, to make/be well – Hurrian
  • iraz joy, happiness – Ingush
  • ʁˁaʁˁu glad – Tsez

  • bisi joy – Hurrian
  • bzia, abzia good, well, love – Abkhaz
  • boldog happy – Hungarian
  • paras best – Finnish
  • buorre used in well-wishing (e.g., “buorre ođđa jahki” means “Happy New Year”) – Saami
  • bozkario joy, delight – Basque
  • poz joy – Basque

mouth/open

  • Basque: mouth = AHO
  • Finnish: opening, aperture, hole, gap, slot, mouth = AUKKO
  • Estonian: AUK
  • Hungarian ÁLL (“chin, lower jaw”).
  • Khanty: mouth = AWL Proto-Uralic Roots: Linguists trace the word back to Proto-Uralic terms such as *aŋe (“opening”) or *oŋlз (“lower jaw”).
  • Chechen: BAGA = An alternative or broader term for “mouth” or “oral cavity”.
  • North Caucasian: Tzezi and Ginukh HAQU (“mouth/inside”), Akhvakh OQ?:O (“throat”).

  • Abkhaz: open = AATRA aːtʼra аатра
  • Adyghe: жэ, жьэ ZHE or ZHǍ = mouth
  • Adyghe: абан ABAN = hole, gap, aperture
  • Adyghe: ZHAQ’A = beard
  • Sumerian: mouth = KA or KAG
  • Sumerian: opening or hole = AP
  • ?Georgian: ხახა (kha-kha) refers to the pharynx/back of the mouth.?
  • ?Georgian: throat = Q’ELI?
    ?Georgian: opening = GAKHSNA?
    ?Georgian: hole = KHVRELI?

field

• Hurrian: avarre field; awari field, plain, open steppe; awarra the fields

• Sumerian: agar irrigated field, common land

• Basque: agirre land-use term

  • eri = nation in Georgian
  • uru, iri = city, town, village, district in Sumerian
  • herri, erri, iri, uri, ili = town, village, people, country – Basque
  • Ország is a Hungarian word meaning “country,” “land,” or “realm,” derived from the root úr (lord/landlord) combined with the suffix -szág, which forms abstract concepts, originally denoting a larger territory under a leader’s authority. It has been used since the Middle Ages to denote political/territorial entities.
  • herra = lord in Finnish
  • Eli is often associated with the term Lom-Eli, which translates to “Lion King” in Chechen, where Lom means “Lion” and Eli refers to a ruler or king. While paçčaħ specifically means king or monarch, the term eli or ela (variants) can be used to describe a ruler, prince, or leader. The Chechen word for kingdom is Олалла (Olalla). It is derived from the root ола (ola), meaning “ruler,” “prince,” or “lord.”
  • Tsez: aƛʼ (village).
  • The Lezgian word for village is хуьр (khür or khjur).
  • Chechen words for village: yurt, evl, evla
  • In the Ingush language, the primary word for a village is юрт (yurt), which is often used as a suffix in the names of rural settlements, Another common term for a mountainous settlement or historical village is аул (aul).
  • Etruscan: spur – city or community
    cel – earth, land, soil
    zilath/zilc – The most common term for a high-ranking magistrate or leader of an Etruscan city-state, often translated as “magistrate,” “praetor,” or “governor”.
  • Hurrian: il-iri or iliri – limit, boundary, boundary mark

• ?Basque: ureztatu to water or irrigate; garastatze the act of supplying land with water so that crops and plants will grow or grow stronger; alorra cultivated field or arable land; baratz vegetable patch, orchard, or garden.?

• Chechen: аре a-re aaree plain, steppe, or general field; Атагӏи (atagi) “at the foot of the mountain” or “in the valley” River valley or lowland plain/flood plain (compound of the Chechen words ata (meaning “valley” or “lowland”) and -ġa (a locative suffix meaning “at” or “by”); Акъари (aqari) A somewhat elevated plain.

• Avar: авлахъ avlakh plain or field

• ?Finnish: aro steppe?

• Etruscan: aker means land, a farm, or a field, which is widely considered by historical linguists to be the root of the Latin word ager (field/territory).

• The origin of agri in agriculture!

• ?Etruscan: ar, arv Refers to plowed land or a field.?

• ?Abkhaz: á-dgʲəl earth, land, country (borrowed from Georgian…)?

• ?Abaza: adgʲə́l?

• ?Georgian: adgili place (but from Proto-Kartvelian*deg-, *dg- “to stand”, still also in parallel with this root)?

• ?Georgian: ველი (veli) Used for a field, plain, or broad, open valley. ?

• ?Georgian: ბარი (bari) Refers to a lowland or flat valley?

• ?Proto-Uralic: *arɜ watery/swampy place, grassy depression; *aća meadow (along a stream), valley; *alka (front or rear) end, beginning; start, begin?

• ?Finnish: ala area, a field of study or industry?

• ?Finnish: alue area, region, domain?

?

god

  • jainko | Basque
  • jaun “lord” “master” “sir” | Basque
  • an “sky or heaven” & An is the supreme god | Sumerian
    • dingir 𒀭 “god”| Sumerian
    • An (Anu): The supreme god of the heavens and king of the gods, symbolizing the highest authority and cosmic order. | Enlil: The god of wind, storms, and agriculture. He was the enforcer of decrees and one of the most powerful and widely worshipped deities in the pantheon. |
      Enki (Ea): The god of water, wisdom, crafts, and creation. He was considered a friend to humanity, often credited with creating humans and shaping human culture. |
      Ninhursag: The earth and mother goddess, closely associated with fertility, birth, and nature. |
      Inanna: The fiercely complex goddess of love, passion, sexuality, and war. She is most famously associated with the planet Venus and the city of Uruk. | Nanna: The god of the moon and the father of Utu and Inanna.
  • jumala | Finnish
    • Linguists reconstruct the Proto-Uralic word for deity as *juma.
  • jubmel | Saami
  • Oš Kugu Jumo – “Great White God” The chief sky and weather god in Mari mythology.
  • Inmar: The supreme creator and sky deity in Udmurt religion, responsible for the heavens and weather.
  • Jen: The sky and creator god in Komi mythology.
  • antswa | Abkhaz
  • Ani Another closely related, primordial sky god in the Etruscan pantheon was Ani, who was associated with the highest heaven and was often depicted with two faces. | Etruscan
    • ais “god” | Etruscan
  • an “sky or horizon” | Ingush
  • eni “god” or “deity” | Hurrian
  • an- a verbal root translating directly to “to be happy” | Hurrian
  • isten | Hungarian

cover

  • buru = head – Basque
  • burva = cover – Georgian
  • borít = to cover – Hungarian (Probably from a Turkic language. Compare Turkish bür- (“to cover up, enfold”).)
  • Hungarian: bőr (skin)
    Finnish: parva (leather coat)
    Khanty: pěr
  • bar = skin, hide, surface covering – Sumerian

Also see:

  • போர் pōr “to cloak, wrap, cover” – Tamil
  • parva “fur” – Hebrew
  • فَرْوَة farwa “fur, leather, or a fur coat” – Arabic –

For this I am inclined to say that the Turkic root “bür” is actually descended from North Eurasian Caucasian language rather than an indication of relation here.

vomit

  • Hungarian: okádás, okádni
    Finnish: oksentaa
    Estonian: okse
  • Basque: oka, okada
  • Georgian: rc̣q̇eva
  • Andi: кӏарду k’ardu
  • In Sumerian, the primary words for saliva or spittle are uḫ₃ and aḫ₆. Another variant frequently used for spittle or the act of spitting is eḫ… Whence: buluh – vomit

mind, heart

  • gogo mind, spirit, intention, desire – Basque
  • ?goneba mind – Georgian?
  • ?hgonia to think/believe – Georgian?
  • ?agʷə heart, mind, soul – Abkhaz?
  • ?gu heart – Adyghe?
  • ?guli heart – Georgian?
    • “Beyond the physical organ, it is deeply tied to soul, center, emotions, and a sense of courage or willpower. In Georgia, guli goes beyond mere anatomy; it represents the center of emotion, hospitality, and intention.”
  • ?gaba breast, chest – Sumerian?
  • ?gal-zu (gal-an-zu) wise; omniscient; intelligent (‘large’ [ + ‘heaven’] + ‘to know’) – Sumerian?
  • ?gu-la: large, great (cf., gal; gu-ul
    ) – Sumerian?
  • ?geštug is a Sumerian word primarily meaning “ear” and by extension “hearing,” “understanding,” “intelligence,” or “wisdom.”
    The Sumerian god of intelligence and wisdom was named Geshtu (or Geshtu-E) – Sumerian?
  • ?gond worry, care, trouble (although this root is unknown and has not been traced back to Proto-Uralic) – Hungarian
    • gondolni to think – Hungarian?

red

“In the Nostratic macrofamily hypothesis , colors are notoriously difficult to reconstruct due to the immense time depth and semantic shifts (e.g., words for “red” often shifting to “blood” or “beautiful”). However, based on the comparative work of Nostraticist Allan Bomhard, the root for “blood/red” is *kºur-a . The reconstructed root *kºur-a (meaning “blood” / “red”) : Descendant families: Found in both Afroasiatic (e.g., Ancient Egyptian tr “blood, red color”) and Dravidian (e.g., Tamil kuruti “blood, red color”) . Indo-European connection: It is related to the Proto-Indo-European root *kºr-ew-H- (meaning “gore, raw flesh, blood”) , which is seen in Sanskrit krav\={\i}\d{s}- and Latin cruor .”

  • gorri = red – Basque ?
    • “names for colours are rich and full of meaning in Basque: ´gorri´ is used for the colour red, but also the absence of additions or alterations (´larru gorri´ = ‘naked body’; ´urre gorri´ = ´unalloyed gold´)”
    • The original root is widely believed to stem from gor, meaning “raw flesh” or “raw” .
  • khortsi = meat – Georgian ?
  • *weri, *werə = blood – Proto-Uralic ?
    • piros, vörös = red – Hungarian
    • vér = blood – Hungarian
    • veri = blood – Finnish
    • pír = blush, redness – Finnish
    • görd, gord = red – Permic
  • ħiri = red, blood – Proto-Avar-Andian ?
    • hiri = red – Andi
    • hirida – Akhvakh
  • yaru = red – Lezgin
  • üru = red – Tabasaran
  • č̣aran = red – Tsakhur
  • dara = associated with dark red, often specifically “blood-red” – Sumerian ?

breath

  • HATS – Basque
  • ASE – breath, wind, soul – Etruscan
  • ITSE – In traditional Finnish mythology and folklore, the human soul was believed to be made of distinct parts. The itse (sometimes called the “self-soul” or “shadow soul”) is the part of the soul that defines your personality, identity, and consciousness.
  • HAIZE – wind – Basque
  • SA – Chechen
  • HUJ, HUY – Tsez
  • CA – Avar

  • HENKI – spirit, life, person, breath, genie, soul – Finnish
  • HING – soul, spirit, breath – Estonian
  • HANG – sound or voice – Hungarian

  • AHOTZ – voice – Basque
  • AKA – voice or speaker – Etruscan
  • KHMA – voice – Georgian

  • SZÁJ – mouth – Hungarian
  • SZÉL – wind – Hungarian (really
    from Old Chuvash śēl, which itself is from Proto-Bulgar *ǰel and  Proto-Turkic *yẹl)
  • SUU – mouth – Finnish and Estonian

  • SIELU – soul – Finnish (Probably actually borrowed from Old Swedish)
  • Sielulintu: The “soul bird” of ancient Finnish mythology, believed to carry a person’s soul and guard it during sleep or illness.

place

Also:

  • Tamil: ஊர் (Oor) A general term for a place, town, or village. இடம் (Idam): General term for place or location.
  • *ur: The quintessential Proto-Dravidian word for “village,” “town,” or “habitation”. This term serves as the root for place names across South Asia, such as Bangaluru and Thrissur in Malayalam
  • Proto-Dravidian *il Meaning “house” or “dwelling place”. It is preserved as illu in Telugu and illam in Malayalam, defining a home location.
  • Arabic: ilāh (“deity” or “god”). It shares the same root as the Hebrew Eloah (found in the Bible) and the Aramaic Elāhā, which both mean God.

sun

  • ma:l-x = sun • Chechen
  • In Chechen and Vainakh mythology, the sun god is known as Malkh (or Malkha-Dela).
  • mze = sun • Georgian
  • maz = sun • Svan
  • amra (a+mra) = sun • Abkhaz
  • mul (𒀯): A verb meaning “to shine” or “radiate,” often used in reference to stars and celestial bodies. – Sumerian
  • male– = reflect, shine • Etruscan
  • male-na = mirror • Etruscan
  • amza = moon • Abkhaz
  • maze = moon, month • Adyghe
  • ? nap = sun • Hungarian ?
  • ? *wëlketa = white, light • Proto-Finno-Ugric ?
  • ? *waĺɜ = glitter, shine • Proto-Finno-Ugric ?

  • eki or eguzki = sun • Basque
  • ég = sky, heaven • Hungarian
    • *äŋɜ– = fire; burn • Proto-Finno-Ugric
    • Ukko: The supreme thunder god in Finnish tradition, who controls storms, weather, and harvests. ?
    • Jumo / Juma: 
    • Ghmerti (or Dambadebeli / Morige Ghmerti): The ultimate Lord of the Universe and Creator. He rules from the highest level of the sky and is the source of all life. Georgian ?
  • ek’e- ik’u- akʼʷ okʼ– = burn – Tsez
  • d-āga, d-āgu, dago, yago – burn – Chechen

tears

  • negar, nigar = weeping, tears – Basque
  • nigarra = the tear – Basque
  • нэщхъей nɛšꭓɛj nesh-khyey or nash-khyey = sad, sorrowful, glum, or moody – Adyghe
  • нагъв nağv = tear – Lezgian
  • nergh = tear – Dargwa
  • nagveli = bile & translates to a
    “heavy heart,” worry, or deep sorrow. It is often used to describe a gloomy or spiritless state. – Georgian
  • a-nir = lamentation, dirge (‘tears’ + ‘to raise high’).
    nir     = sometimes used to denote tears or bodily weeping, especially in sorrow and grief. Normally: lord; trust, sign.
    The Sumerian word nir (written in cuneiform as 𒉪) is a multifaceted term that most commonly translates to “lord,” “trust”, or “authority”. – Sumerian
  • Ningal = Weeping goddess… The Sumerian name Ningal translates to “Great Lady” or “Great Queen,” derived from Nin (“lady/queen”) and gal (“great”). She was a major Mesopotamian goddess, revered as the consort of the moon god Nanna (Sin) and mother of Inanna, acting as a tutelary deity of Ur. She was referred to as the “lady” (NIN; Early Dynastic sources) or “mother” (AMA; Ur III sources) of Ur. She and the city could be compared to a mother and her child in literary texts. She was portrayed mourning over it in laments, such as Lament for Ur or Lament for Sumer and Ur. Ningal (“Great Lady”) is a major Sumerian goddess of the marshes and reeds, recognized as the consort of the moon god Nanna (Sin) and mother of the goddess Inanna. Worshipped primarily in Ur, she symbolized fertility, marshland ecology, and wisdom, often depicted as a protective deity associated with cattle and the growth of reeds.?

head

  • pahi, paɣi, paḫi head – Hurrian
  • pää head – Finnish
  • pea head – Estonian
  • fej head – Hungarian
  • puŋk head – Mansi
  • pe end – Erzya
  • peja forehead – Tundra Nenets
  • pɑjdɨ cheek – Tundra Nenets
  • pɛja forehead – Forest Enets
  • pa nose – Adyghe
  • аҧхьа aphkha “in front of,” “ahead,” or “before” – Abkhaz
  • ?phersu likely meant “face”, “visage” or “mask”. This Etruscan word is believed to be the root of the Latin word persona, which eventually evolved into the English word “person”. – Etruscan?
  • ?buru head “head,” “summit,” or “end” – Basque?
  • ?bolo end or last – Georgian?

limit/side

  • piir = limit – Estonian
  • perem = edge, rim, brink – Hungarian
  • piri = mouth, edge, limit – Georgian
  • ? ფრთა (prta): Used specifically when referring to the flank of an army or the wing of a building. Normally means “wing”. – Georgian
  • ? ფერდობი (pertdobi): Used for the flank or slope of a mountain. – Georgian
  • piru = filament – Basque
  • Could be origin of Pirineos (Pyrenees) toponym. “The name “Pyrenees” primarily derives from the Greek mythological figure Pyrene, a princess who, according to legend, was raped by Hercules and fled into the mountains, where she died and was buried. It is also connected to the Greek word pyr (fire). Alternative theories suggest a connection to Basque or pre-Celtic languages.”
  • ?bar, 𒁇 = outside, foreign, back, side (often used in compounds, including those relating to garments, e.g. us-bar or us-bar-ra for weaver, or specific roles e.g. in Oracc Sign List E₂-BAR for a type of priest). The Sumerian word bar is a versatile term frequently meaning “outside,” “foreign,” “back,” or “side,” and often acts as a verb for “to open,” “cut,” or “release”. It is a highly common sign in cuneiform used in compound words like an-bar (iron) or bar-dili (a type of plow). It can indicate outer, exterior, or foreign elements (bar-ed/bar-ra). It can mean to open, split, or turn away. Often refers to skin, back, or side of an object or person. – Sumerian?
  • ?bur / bur-ra Refers to a specific unit, offering, or a fractional part of an area. – Sumerian?
  • ?par = separately – Etruscan?
  • ?pera = house, dwelling, private property – Etruscan?
  • ?pu pur- = side – Tsez, Mokok dialect
    • pal = side – Tabasaran
    • pad = part/side/half/direction – Lezgian, the largest in the North-East Caucasian branch
    • pe = side – Batsbi
    • purho or pureɬ = next to, at the side of – Hinukh?
  • ?bʁʷə, бгъу = side (specifically in the context of “lateral” or “flank”) in Circassian Northwest Caucasian languages (Adyghe and Kabardian)?
  • ?pū or pú?
  • a-psh = border, edge, fringe – Abkhaz
Abkhaz ?
Abkhaz ?

face, head

  • sakhe face – Georgian
  • sag̃ sang 𒊕 head – Sumerian
  • sʲɑʔ face – Tundra Nenets
    • sɛʔ face – Forest Enets
    • ?хиаз̌әә, xiɐðəː forehead – Nganasan?
    • But no other matches within Uralic.
  • шъхьэ ʂħa head – Adyghe
  • щхьэ ʂħa head – Kabardian
  • səša head – Ubykh
  • ?soin body, shoulder, upper back – Basque?

heart

  • Sumerian šag4
  • Hungarian szív
  • Hurrian tiša

I am pretty sure a clue as to the overall Proto- root is contained in the Basque word for ‘heart’: bihotz. “Many folklore interpretations suggest bihotz combines bi (“two”) and hotz (“voice” or “sound”), referring to the double beat of a beating heart.” Two sounds? Were there two roots for heart? Or was it the dual meaning of “heart” and “mind/soul” of go-/gu-?

tooth

  • HORTZ – Basque
  • ŠERI, ŠIR-NI – Hurrian
  • TSERG – Chechen
  • CERG – Ingush
    • TSULA – Dargwa
    • SILA – Bezhta
    • SILA sɨlə SIL sɨl SEL “molar” – Tsez
    • χɔʁin – Gunzib
    • *χ:ɔg- – Proto-Tsezian
    • SAS – Lezgian
      • KHVAL – In the Lezgian language, a fang or canine tooth is referred to as хвал (pronounced khval).
    • CULOZ TSULOZ – Khinalug
  • DZUH – Adyghe
  • ZÚ – In Sumerian, the general word for tooth, fang, or tusk is zú (written with the sign 𒅗).
  • AGYAR: The most common Hungarian word for “fang” is agyar (used for tusks or long, sharp animal teeth) • from *e̮nśara or *inśara, typically referring to a “canine tooth”, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ońća-rз (“Tusk / Long protruding tooth”)
  • K’BILI – tooth – Georgian
    • Q’BA – jaw – Georgian
    • ESHVI = fang – Georgian

sky

  • taivas sky, heaven • Finnish suomi
  • tsav sky • Lezgian lezgi
  • tsa • Batsbi
  • ssav sky • Lak
  • dzav sky • Tabasaran
  • c̄ʷa • Khinalug
  • tsa the direct, standard word for “sky” or “firmament” • Georgian kartuli
  • azhwzhwan or aẑʷjʷan sky • Abkhaz apswa • remember that Abkhaz words begin with an extra ‘A’, and so instead see the well-known expression дәыли-жәҩани (dg’əlj ž’w’anj) which translates to “earth and sky” and represents the totality of the visible, ordered world.

  • zeru sky • Basque euskara
  • zeri serene, unclouded sky • Etruscan Rasna
  • zetsa refers to the physical sky, the heavens, or the celestial realm • Georgian

  • Tin- / Tinia: The root for day/heaven, and the name of the supreme Etruscan sky and thunder god.

  • Ortzi (or Urtzi): An ancient Basque term for the sky, also associated with a pre-Christian sky and thunder deity.

  • Teshub was the Hurrian weather god, as well as the head of the Hurrian pantheon.

  • The symbol of the Circassian religion is the T symbol. Circassian paganism is the ethnic religion of the Circassians. It is based on worshipping the supreme god Thashkho or Theshxwe and other deities under his rule. Besides the one Eternal God, they believe in the existence of several inferior beings, or saints, to whom the Great Spirit, Thka, has delegated power over such sublunary things as he deems too trivial for his awful superintendence. Circassians had a tradition of burying the dead in high places. Interestingly, my proposed Alarodian/MegaQuirky root for ‘fire’ also begins with T, a lesser connection: Johannes Schiltberger passed through Circassian lands in 1427 and recorded that “They (the Circassians) have a tradition of placing those who died from lightning strikes in coffins and hanging them from a tall tree… They consider the person struck by lightning to be a saint.”

fire

  • ts’e = fire – Chechen
  • tsetskhli = fire – Georgian
  • tűz = fire – Hungarian
  • tari = fire – Hurrian
  • tuli = fire – Finnish
  • izi = fire – Sumerian

  • /təʁa/ = sun – Adyghe
  • a-dzhyr = firewood – Abkhaz

  • su = fire – Basque
  • Śuri = a complex deity tied to the sun, fire, and the underworld. – Etruscan

  • č’uru = shine – Tsez
  • sirla = To say something is “shining” or “bright/brilliant,” you would use the word сирла (sirla). – Chechen

  • dir-dir — the sound of something sparkling or shiny – Basque
  • derít = to cast or shed light on, clear up; to illuminate areas in shadow with fill light or fill flash – Hungarian

Finnish: tuli

Georgian: tsetskhli

Hurrian: tari

? Adyghe: Tlepsh ɬapʃ the traditional Adyghe god of fire and forge

? Abkhaz: Azhyrnyhwa Fire, wood, and stone play essential roles in traditional Abkhazian spiritual ceremonies. Families maintain a deep connection to the fire gods during Azhyrnyhwa, a widely celebrated annual festival of creation, renewal, and family lineage. This sacred ritual occurs in family smithies or open spaces where prayers are offered, ritual candles are lit, and offerings are made. Azhyr (Ажьыр): Literally means “forge” or “blacksmith’s hearth”. Anyhwa (Аныхәа): Translates to both “festival” and “prayers”.

vein

  • Basque: zain
  • Finnish: suoni
  • Hungarian: ín = sinew, tendon
  • West Caucasian: *xʷa
  • Georgian: dzargvi ʒarɣvi
    ძარღვი = vein, streak
  • Chechen: pxa
  • Sumerian: sa – vein, artery, muscle

green, blue, ‘ur’ trend in Basque

  • sig, sisi = green – Sumerian ?
  • mtsvane = green – Georgian ?
    • ჲჷრჟი yirzhi = green – Svan ?
  • ashatspshtwy = green – Abkhaz ?
    • wucəšʷo wetseshwa = green – Adyghe ?
      • from wucə, “grass”
  • хочи hochi = green – Andi ?
    • шиниша shinisha = green – Dargwa ?

But it is quite possible that Proto-Alarodian simply didn’t have a word for green, building on something else like “grass”, which instead developed over time in subsequent languages.

  • za-gin = lapis lazuli and dark blue – Sumerian ?
  • nisig was used for blue, blue-green, and darker/cooler shades of green.
    This represents a basic term used for blue and blue-green, including the natural colors of the sky, the sea, and plants. It is often used in the compound an-nisig(-ga), which means “beautiful sky” or “blue sky” . – Sumerian ?
  • t͡sʰispʰɛri = blue (one way of saying blue, not the only one) “sky colour” – Georgian ?
  • а́иаҵәа ajacʷʼa = blue – Abkhaz ?
    • ʃχʷaːntʼa = blue – West Circassian ?
  • sɪɪ̆nə = blue – Chechen
    • sininen = blue – Finnish
    • Really from Russian siniy.
  • urdin = blue – Basque ?
  • lurji = blue – Georgian ?

“Is it not mysterious that the basic elements of life sound so much alike: ‘ur’ (water), ‘lur’ (earth), zur’ (wood), ‘su’ (fire), ‘elur’ (snow), ‘egur’ (wood), ‘hezur’ (bone)..?”

  • “Based on available etymological research, there is no single, universally reconstructed Proto-Uralic word specifically for “green.” Uralic languages often developed color terms for green later, frequently deriving them from words for “verdant,” “yellow,” or “fresh”.”
  • “Before the Romance loanword berde, from Spanish verde, came about, Basque speakers seemingly didn’t have a common word for ‘green’. “There is no original word in Basque for green”
  • “There is no single “Proto-Kartvelian” term for the color “green”.”